Table of Contents
A low-level client representing Amazon AppConfig
Use AppConfig, a capability of Amazon Web Services Systems Manager, to create, manage, and quickly deploy application configurations. AppConfig supports controlled deployments to applications of any size and includes built-in validation checks and monitoring. You can use AppConfig with applications hosted on Amazon EC2 instances, Lambda, containers, mobile applications, or IoT devices.
To prevent errors when deploying application configurations, especially for production systems where a simple typo could cause an unexpected outage, AppConfig includes validators. A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure that the configuration you want to deploy works as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
During a configuration deployment, AppConfig monitors the application to ensure that the deployment is successful. If the system encounters an error, AppConfig rolls back the change to minimize impact for your application users. You can configure a deployment strategy for each application or environment that includes deployment criteria, including velocity, bake time, and alarms to monitor. Similar to error monitoring, if a deployment triggers an alarm, AppConfig automatically rolls back to the previous version.
AppConfig supports multiple use cases. Here are some examples:
This reference is intended to be used with the AppConfig User Guide .
import boto3
client = boto3.client('appconfig')
These are the available methods:
Check if an operation can be paginated.
Creates an application. An application in AppConfig is a logical unit of code that provides capabilities for your customers. For example, an application can be a microservice that runs on Amazon EC2 instances, a mobile application installed by your users, a serverless application using Amazon API Gateway and Lambda, or any system you run on behalf of others.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.create_application(
Name='string',
Description='string',
Tags={
'string': 'string'
}
)
[REQUIRED]
A name for the application.
Metadata to assign to the application. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The application ID.
Name (string) --
The application name.
Description (string) --
The description of the application.
Exceptions
Creates a configuration profile, which is information that enables AppConfig to access the configuration source. Valid configuration sources include the AppConfig hosted configuration store, Amazon Web Services Systems Manager (SSM) documents, SSM Parameter Store parameters, Amazon S3 objects, or any integration source action supported by CodePipeline. A configuration profile includes the following information:
For more information, see Create a Configuration and a Configuration Profile in the AppConfig User Guide .
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.create_configuration_profile(
ApplicationId='string',
Name='string',
Description='string',
LocationUri='string',
RetrievalRoleArn='string',
Validators=[
{
'Type': 'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
'Content': 'string'
},
],
Tags={
'string': 'string'
},
Type='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
A name for the configuration profile.
[REQUIRED]
A URI to locate the configuration. You can specify the AppConfig hosted configuration store, Systems Manager (SSM) document, an SSM Parameter Store parameter, or an Amazon S3 object. For the hosted configuration store and for feature flags, specify hosted . For an SSM document, specify either the document name in the format ssm-document://<Document_name> or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN). For a parameter, specify either the parameter name in the format ssm-parameter://<Parameter_name> or the ARN. For an Amazon S3 object, specify the URI in the following format: s3://<bucket>/<objectKey> . Here is an example: s3://my-bucket/my-app/us-east-1/my-config.json
The ARN of an IAM role with permission to access the configuration at the specified LocationUri .
Warning
A retrieval role ARN is not required for configurations stored in the AppConfig hosted configuration store. It is required for all other sources that store your configuration.
A list of methods for validating the configuration.
A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure the configuration that you want to deploy functions as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
AppConfig supports validators of type JSON_SCHEMA and LAMBDA
Either the JSON Schema content or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Lambda function.
Metadata to assign to the configuration profile. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
The type of configurations contained in the profile. AppConfig supports feature flags and freeform configurations. We recommend you create feature flag configurations to enable or disable new features and freeform configurations to distribute configurations to an application. When calling this API, enter one of the following values for Type :
AWS.AppConfig.FeatureFlagsAWS.Freeform
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'LocationUri': 'string',
'RetrievalRoleArn': 'string',
'Validators': [
{
'Type': 'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
'Content': 'string'
},
],
'Type': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the configuration profile.
Description (string) --
The configuration profile description.
LocationUri (string) --
The URI location of the configuration.
RetrievalRoleArn (string) --
The ARN of an IAM role with permission to access the configuration at the specified LocationUri .
Validators (list) --
A list of methods for validating the configuration.
(dict) --
A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure the configuration that you want to deploy functions as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
Type (string) --
AppConfig supports validators of type JSON_SCHEMA and LAMBDA
Content (string) --
Either the JSON Schema content or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Lambda function.
Type (string) --
The type of configurations contained in the profile. AppConfig supports feature flags and freeform configurations. We recommend you create feature flag configurations to enable or disable new features and freeform configurations to distribute configurations to an application. When calling this API, enter one of the following values for Type :
AWS.AppConfig.FeatureFlags
AWS.Freeform
Exceptions
Creates a deployment strategy that defines important criteria for rolling out your configuration to the designated targets. A deployment strategy includes the overall duration required, a percentage of targets to receive the deployment during each interval, an algorithm that defines how percentage grows, and bake time.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.create_deployment_strategy(
Name='string',
Description='string',
DeploymentDurationInMinutes=123,
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes=123,
GrowthFactor=...,
GrowthType='LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
ReplicateTo='NONE'|'SSM_DOCUMENT',
Tags={
'string': 'string'
}
)
[REQUIRED]
A name for the deployment strategy.
[REQUIRED]
Total amount of time for a deployment to last.
[REQUIRED]
The percentage of targets to receive a deployed configuration during each interval.
The algorithm used to define how percentage grows over time. AppConfig supports the following growth types:
Linear : For this type, AppConfig processes the deployment by dividing the total number of targets by the value specified for Step percentage . For example, a linear deployment that uses a Step percentage of 10 deploys the configuration to 10 percent of the hosts. After those deployments are complete, the system deploys the configuration to the next 10 percent. This continues until 100% of the targets have successfully received the configuration.Exponential : For this type, AppConfig processes the deployment exponentially using the following formula: G*(2^N) . In this formula, G is the growth factor specified by the user and N is the number of steps until the configuration is deployed to all targets. For example, if you specify a growth factor of 2, then the system rolls out the configuration as follows:
2*(2^0)
2*(2^1)
2*(2^2)
Expressed numerically, the deployment rolls out as follows: 2% of the targets, 4% of the targets, 8% of the targets, and continues until the configuration has been deployed to all targets.
[REQUIRED]
Save the deployment strategy to a Systems Manager (SSM) document.
Metadata to assign to the deployment strategy. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'ReplicateTo': 'NONE'|'SSM_DOCUMENT'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The deployment strategy ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the deployment strategy.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment strategy.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets that received a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
ReplicateTo (string) --
Save the deployment strategy to a Systems Manager (SSM) document.
Exceptions
Creates an environment. For each application, you define one or more environments. An environment is a logical deployment group of AppConfig targets, such as applications in a Beta or Production environment. You can also define environments for application subcomponents such as the Web , Mobile and Back-end components for your application. You can configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms for each environment. The system monitors alarms during a configuration deployment. If an alarm is triggered, the system rolls back the configuration.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.create_environment(
ApplicationId='string',
Name='string',
Description='string',
Monitors=[
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
],
Tags={
'string': 'string'
}
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
A name for the environment.
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
Metadata to assign to the environment. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'State': 'READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT'|'DEPLOYING'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'Monitors': [
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
]
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The environment ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the environment.
Description (string) --
The description of the environment.
State (string) --
The state of the environment. An environment can be in one of the following states: READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT , DEPLOYING , ROLLING_BACK , or ROLLED_BACK
Monitors (list) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms monitored during the deployment.
(dict) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
AlarmArn (string) --
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
AlarmRoleArn (string) --
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
Exceptions
Creates a new configuration in the AppConfig hosted configuration store.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.create_hosted_configuration_version(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
Description='string',
Content=b'bytes'|file,
ContentType='string',
LatestVersionNumber=123
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
[REQUIRED]
The content of the configuration or the configuration data.
[REQUIRED]
A standard MIME type describing the format of the configuration content. For more information, see Content-Type .
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'VersionNumber': 123,
'Description': 'string',
'Content': StreamingBody(),
'ContentType': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
VersionNumber (integer) --
The configuration version.
Description (string) --
A description of the configuration.
Content (StreamingBody) --
The content of the configuration or the configuration data.
ContentType (string) --
A standard MIME type describing the format of the configuration content. For more information, see Content-Type .
Exceptions
Deletes an application. Deleting an application does not delete a configuration from a host.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.delete_application(
ApplicationId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the application to delete.
Exceptions
Deletes a configuration profile. Deleting a configuration profile does not delete a configuration from a host.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.delete_configuration_profile(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID that includes the configuration profile you want to delete.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the configuration profile you want to delete.
None
Exceptions
Deletes a deployment strategy. Deleting a deployment strategy does not delete a configuration from a host.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.delete_deployment_strategy(
DeploymentStrategyId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the deployment strategy you want to delete.
Exceptions
Deletes an environment. Deleting an environment does not delete a configuration from a host.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.delete_environment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID that includes the environment that you want to delete.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the environment that you want to delete.
None
Exceptions
Deletes a version of a configuration from the AppConfig hosted configuration store.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.delete_hosted_configuration_version(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
VersionNumber=123
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
[REQUIRED]
The versions number to delete.
None
Exceptions
Retrieves information about an application.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_application(
ApplicationId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the application you want to get.
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string'
}
Response Structure
The application ID.
The application name.
The description of the application.
Exceptions
Retrieves the latest deployed configuration.
Warning
Note the following important information.
Danger
This operation is deprecated and may not function as expected. This operation should not be used going forward and is only kept for the purpose of backwards compatiblity.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_configuration(
Application='string',
Environment='string',
Configuration='string',
ClientId='string',
ClientConfigurationVersion='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application to get. Specify either the application name or the application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The environment to get. Specify either the environment name or the environment ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration to get. Specify either the configuration name or the configuration ID.
[REQUIRED]
The clientId parameter in the following command is a unique, user-specified ID to identify the client for the configuration. This ID enables AppConfig to deploy the configuration in intervals, as defined in the deployment strategy.
The configuration version returned in the most recent GetConfiguration response.
Warning
AppConfig uses the value of the ClientConfigurationVersion parameter to identify the configuration version on your clients. If you don’t send ClientConfigurationVersion with each call to GetConfiguration , your clients receive the current configuration. You are charged each time your clients receive a configuration.
To avoid excess charges, we recommend that you include the ClientConfigurationVersion value with every call to GetConfiguration . This value must be saved on your client. Subsequent calls to GetConfiguration must pass this value by using the ClientConfigurationVersion parameter.
For more information about working with configurations, see Retrieving the Configuration in the AppConfig User Guide .
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Content': StreamingBody(),
'ConfigurationVersion': 'string',
'ContentType': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Content (StreamingBody) --
The content of the configuration or the configuration data.
Warning
The Content attribute only contains data if the system finds new or updated configuration data. If there is no new or updated data and ClientConfigurationVersion matches the version of the current configuration, AppConfig returns a 204 No Content HTTP response code and the Content value will be empty.
ConfigurationVersion (string) --
The configuration version.
ContentType (string) --
A standard MIME type describing the format of the configuration content. For more information, see Content-Type .
Exceptions
Retrieves information about a configuration profile.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_configuration_profile(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the application that includes the configuration profile you want to get.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the configuration profile that you want to get.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'LocationUri': 'string',
'RetrievalRoleArn': 'string',
'Validators': [
{
'Type': 'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
'Content': 'string'
},
],
'Type': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the configuration profile.
Description (string) --
The configuration profile description.
LocationUri (string) --
The URI location of the configuration.
RetrievalRoleArn (string) --
The ARN of an IAM role with permission to access the configuration at the specified LocationUri .
Validators (list) --
A list of methods for validating the configuration.
(dict) --
A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure the configuration that you want to deploy functions as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
Type (string) --
AppConfig supports validators of type JSON_SCHEMA and LAMBDA
Content (string) --
Either the JSON Schema content or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Lambda function.
Type (string) --
The type of configurations contained in the profile. AppConfig supports feature flags and freeform configurations. We recommend you create feature flag configurations to enable or disable new features and freeform configurations to distribute configurations to an application. When calling this API, enter one of the following values for Type :
AWS.AppConfig.FeatureFlags
AWS.Freeform
Exceptions
Retrieves information about a configuration deployment.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_deployment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string',
DeploymentNumber=123
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the application that includes the deployment you want to get.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the environment that includes the deployment you want to get.
[REQUIRED]
The sequence number of the deployment.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'EnvironmentId': 'string',
'DeploymentStrategyId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'DeploymentNumber': 123,
'ConfigurationName': 'string',
'ConfigurationLocationUri': 'string',
'ConfigurationVersion': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'State': 'BAKING'|'VALIDATING'|'DEPLOYING'|'COMPLETE'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'EventLog': [
{
'EventType': 'PERCENTAGE_UPDATED'|'ROLLBACK_STARTED'|'ROLLBACK_COMPLETED'|'BAKE_TIME_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED',
'TriggeredBy': 'USER'|'APPCONFIG'|'CLOUDWATCH_ALARM'|'INTERNAL_ERROR',
'Description': 'string',
'OccurredAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
},
],
'PercentageComplete': ...,
'StartedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
'CompletedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The ID of the application that was deployed.
EnvironmentId (string) --
The ID of the environment that was deployed.
DeploymentStrategyId (string) --
The ID of the deployment strategy that was deployed.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The ID of the configuration profile that was deployed.
DeploymentNumber (integer) --
The sequence number of the deployment.
ConfigurationName (string) --
The name of the configuration.
ConfigurationLocationUri (string) --
Information about the source location of the configuration.
ConfigurationVersion (string) --
The configuration version that was deployed.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets to receive a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
State (string) --
The state of the deployment.
EventLog (list) --
A list containing all events related to a deployment. The most recent events are displayed first.
(dict) --
An object that describes a deployment event.
EventType (string) --
The type of deployment event. Deployment event types include the start, stop, or completion of a deployment; a percentage update; the start or stop of a bake period; and the start or completion of a rollback.
TriggeredBy (string) --
The entity that triggered the deployment event. Events can be triggered by a user, AppConfig, an Amazon CloudWatch alarm, or an internal error.
Description (string) --
A description of the deployment event. Descriptions include, but are not limited to, the user account or the Amazon CloudWatch alarm ARN that initiated a rollback, the percentage of hosts that received the deployment, or in the case of an internal error, a recommendation to attempt a new deployment.
OccurredAt (datetime) --
The date and time the event occurred.
PercentageComplete (float) --
The percentage of targets for which the deployment is available.
StartedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment started.
CompletedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment completed.
Exceptions
Retrieves information about a deployment strategy. A deployment strategy defines important criteria for rolling out your configuration to the designated targets. A deployment strategy includes the overall duration required, a percentage of targets to receive the deployment during each interval, an algorithm that defines how percentage grows, and bake time.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_deployment_strategy(
DeploymentStrategyId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the deployment strategy to get.
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'ReplicateTo': 'NONE'|'SSM_DOCUMENT'
}
Response Structure
The deployment strategy ID.
The name of the deployment strategy.
The description of the deployment strategy.
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
The percentage of targets that received a deployed configuration during each interval.
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
Save the deployment strategy to a Systems Manager (SSM) document.
Exceptions
Retrieves information about an environment. An environment is a logical deployment group of AppConfig applications, such as applications in a Production environment or in an EU_Region environment. Each configuration deployment targets an environment. You can enable one or more Amazon CloudWatch alarms for an environment. If an alarm is triggered during a deployment, AppConfig roles back the configuration.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_environment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the application that includes the environment you want to get.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the environment that you want to get.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'State': 'READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT'|'DEPLOYING'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'Monitors': [
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
]
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The environment ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the environment.
Description (string) --
The description of the environment.
State (string) --
The state of the environment. An environment can be in one of the following states: READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT , DEPLOYING , ROLLING_BACK , or ROLLED_BACK
Monitors (list) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms monitored during the deployment.
(dict) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
AlarmArn (string) --
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
AlarmRoleArn (string) --
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
Exceptions
Retrieves information about a specific configuration version.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.get_hosted_configuration_version(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
VersionNumber=123
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
[REQUIRED]
The version.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'VersionNumber': 123,
'Description': 'string',
'Content': StreamingBody(),
'ContentType': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
VersionNumber (integer) --
The configuration version.
Description (string) --
A description of the configuration.
Content (StreamingBody) --
The content of the configuration or the configuration data.
ContentType (string) --
A standard MIME type describing the format of the configuration content. For more information, see Content-Type .
Exceptions
Create a paginator for an operation.
Returns an object that can wait for some condition.
Lists all applications in your Amazon Web Services account.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_applications(
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string'
)
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string'
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The application ID.
Name (string) --
The application name.
Description (string) --
The description of the application.
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Lists the configuration profiles for an application.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_configuration_profiles(
ApplicationId='string',
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string',
Type='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'LocationUri': 'string',
'ValidatorTypes': [
'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
],
'Type': 'string'
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
A summary of a configuration profile.
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The ID of the configuration profile.
Name (string) --
The name of the configuration profile.
LocationUri (string) --
The URI location of the configuration.
ValidatorTypes (list) --
The types of validators in the configuration profile.
Type (string) --
The type of configurations contained in the profile. AppConfig supports feature flags and freeform configurations. We recommend you create feature flag configurations to enable or disable new features and freeform configurations to distribute configurations to an application. When calling this API, enter one of the following values for Type :
AWS.AppConfig.FeatureFlags
AWS.Freeform
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Lists deployment strategies.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_deployment_strategies(
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string'
)
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'ReplicateTo': 'NONE'|'SSM_DOCUMENT'
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The deployment strategy ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the deployment strategy.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment strategy.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets that received a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
ReplicateTo (string) --
Save the deployment strategy to a Systems Manager (SSM) document.
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Lists the deployments for an environment in descending deployment number order.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_deployments(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string',
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The environment ID.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'DeploymentNumber': 123,
'ConfigurationName': 'string',
'ConfigurationVersion': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'State': 'BAKING'|'VALIDATING'|'DEPLOYING'|'COMPLETE'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'PercentageComplete': ...,
'StartedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
'CompletedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
Information about the deployment.
DeploymentNumber (integer) --
The sequence number of the deployment.
ConfigurationName (string) --
The name of the configuration.
ConfigurationVersion (string) --
The version of the configuration.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grows over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets to receive a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitors for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
State (string) --
The state of the deployment.
PercentageComplete (float) --
The percentage of targets for which the deployment is available.
StartedAt (datetime) --
Time the deployment started.
CompletedAt (datetime) --
Time the deployment completed.
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Lists the environments for an application.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_environments(
ApplicationId='string',
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'State': 'READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT'|'DEPLOYING'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'Monitors': [
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
]
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The environment ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the environment.
Description (string) --
The description of the environment.
State (string) --
The state of the environment. An environment can be in one of the following states: READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT , DEPLOYING , ROLLING_BACK , or ROLLED_BACK
Monitors (list) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms monitored during the deployment.
(dict) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
AlarmArn (string) --
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
AlarmRoleArn (string) --
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Lists configurations stored in the AppConfig hosted configuration store by version.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_hosted_configuration_versions(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
MaxResults=123,
NextToken='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Items': [
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'VersionNumber': 123,
'Description': 'string',
'ContentType': 'string'
},
],
'NextToken': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Items (list) --
The elements from this collection.
(dict) --
Information about the configuration.
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
VersionNumber (integer) --
The configuration version.
Description (string) --
A description of the configuration.
ContentType (string) --
A standard MIME type describing the format of the configuration content. For more information, see Content-Type .
NextToken (string) --
The token for the next set of items to return. Use this token to get the next set of results.
Exceptions
Retrieves the list of key-value tags assigned to the resource.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.list_tags_for_resource(
ResourceArn='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The resource ARN.
{
'Tags': {
'string': 'string'
}
}
Response Structure
Metadata to assign to AppConfig resources. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
Exceptions
Starts a deployment.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.start_deployment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string',
DeploymentStrategyId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
ConfigurationVersion='string',
Description='string',
Tags={
'string': 'string'
}
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The environment ID.
[REQUIRED]
The deployment strategy ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration version to deploy.
Metadata to assign to the deployment. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'EnvironmentId': 'string',
'DeploymentStrategyId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'DeploymentNumber': 123,
'ConfigurationName': 'string',
'ConfigurationLocationUri': 'string',
'ConfigurationVersion': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'State': 'BAKING'|'VALIDATING'|'DEPLOYING'|'COMPLETE'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'EventLog': [
{
'EventType': 'PERCENTAGE_UPDATED'|'ROLLBACK_STARTED'|'ROLLBACK_COMPLETED'|'BAKE_TIME_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED',
'TriggeredBy': 'USER'|'APPCONFIG'|'CLOUDWATCH_ALARM'|'INTERNAL_ERROR',
'Description': 'string',
'OccurredAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
},
],
'PercentageComplete': ...,
'StartedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
'CompletedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The ID of the application that was deployed.
EnvironmentId (string) --
The ID of the environment that was deployed.
DeploymentStrategyId (string) --
The ID of the deployment strategy that was deployed.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The ID of the configuration profile that was deployed.
DeploymentNumber (integer) --
The sequence number of the deployment.
ConfigurationName (string) --
The name of the configuration.
ConfigurationLocationUri (string) --
Information about the source location of the configuration.
ConfigurationVersion (string) --
The configuration version that was deployed.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets to receive a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
State (string) --
The state of the deployment.
EventLog (list) --
A list containing all events related to a deployment. The most recent events are displayed first.
(dict) --
An object that describes a deployment event.
EventType (string) --
The type of deployment event. Deployment event types include the start, stop, or completion of a deployment; a percentage update; the start or stop of a bake period; and the start or completion of a rollback.
TriggeredBy (string) --
The entity that triggered the deployment event. Events can be triggered by a user, AppConfig, an Amazon CloudWatch alarm, or an internal error.
Description (string) --
A description of the deployment event. Descriptions include, but are not limited to, the user account or the Amazon CloudWatch alarm ARN that initiated a rollback, the percentage of hosts that received the deployment, or in the case of an internal error, a recommendation to attempt a new deployment.
OccurredAt (datetime) --
The date and time the event occurred.
PercentageComplete (float) --
The percentage of targets for which the deployment is available.
StartedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment started.
CompletedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment completed.
Exceptions
Stops a deployment. This API action works only on deployments that have a status of DEPLOYING . This action moves the deployment to a status of ROLLED_BACK .
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.stop_deployment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string',
DeploymentNumber=123
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The environment ID.
[REQUIRED]
The sequence number of the deployment.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'EnvironmentId': 'string',
'DeploymentStrategyId': 'string',
'ConfigurationProfileId': 'string',
'DeploymentNumber': 123,
'ConfigurationName': 'string',
'ConfigurationLocationUri': 'string',
'ConfigurationVersion': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'State': 'BAKING'|'VALIDATING'|'DEPLOYING'|'COMPLETE'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'EventLog': [
{
'EventType': 'PERCENTAGE_UPDATED'|'ROLLBACK_STARTED'|'ROLLBACK_COMPLETED'|'BAKE_TIME_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_STARTED'|'DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED',
'TriggeredBy': 'USER'|'APPCONFIG'|'CLOUDWATCH_ALARM'|'INTERNAL_ERROR',
'Description': 'string',
'OccurredAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
},
],
'PercentageComplete': ...,
'StartedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
'CompletedAt': datetime(2015, 1, 1)
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The ID of the application that was deployed.
EnvironmentId (string) --
The ID of the environment that was deployed.
DeploymentStrategyId (string) --
The ID of the deployment strategy that was deployed.
ConfigurationProfileId (string) --
The ID of the configuration profile that was deployed.
DeploymentNumber (integer) --
The sequence number of the deployment.
ConfigurationName (string) --
The name of the configuration.
ConfigurationLocationUri (string) --
Information about the source location of the configuration.
ConfigurationVersion (string) --
The configuration version that was deployed.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets to receive a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
State (string) --
The state of the deployment.
EventLog (list) --
A list containing all events related to a deployment. The most recent events are displayed first.
(dict) --
An object that describes a deployment event.
EventType (string) --
The type of deployment event. Deployment event types include the start, stop, or completion of a deployment; a percentage update; the start or stop of a bake period; and the start or completion of a rollback.
TriggeredBy (string) --
The entity that triggered the deployment event. Events can be triggered by a user, AppConfig, an Amazon CloudWatch alarm, or an internal error.
Description (string) --
A description of the deployment event. Descriptions include, but are not limited to, the user account or the Amazon CloudWatch alarm ARN that initiated a rollback, the percentage of hosts that received the deployment, or in the case of an internal error, a recommendation to attempt a new deployment.
OccurredAt (datetime) --
The date and time the event occurred.
PercentageComplete (float) --
The percentage of targets for which the deployment is available.
StartedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment started.
CompletedAt (datetime) --
The time the deployment completed.
Exceptions
Assigns metadata to an AppConfig resource. Tags help organize and categorize your AppConfig resources. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define. You can specify a maximum of 50 tags for a resource.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.tag_resource(
ResourceArn='string',
Tags={
'string': 'string'
}
)
[REQUIRED]
The ARN of the resource for which to retrieve tags.
[REQUIRED]
The key-value string map. The valid character set is [a-zA-Z+-=._:/]. The tag key can be up to 128 characters and must not start with aws: . The tag value can be up to 256 characters.
None
Exceptions
Deletes a tag key and value from an AppConfig resource.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.untag_resource(
ResourceArn='string',
TagKeys=[
'string',
]
)
[REQUIRED]
The ARN of the resource for which to remove tags.
[REQUIRED]
The tag keys to delete.
None
Exceptions
Updates an application.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.update_application(
ApplicationId='string',
Name='string',
Description='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The application ID.
Name (string) --
The application name.
Description (string) --
The description of the application.
Exceptions
Updates a configuration profile.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.update_configuration_profile(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
Name='string',
Description='string',
RetrievalRoleArn='string',
Validators=[
{
'Type': 'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
'Content': 'string'
},
]
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The ID of the configuration profile.
A list of methods for validating the configuration.
A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure the configuration that you want to deploy functions as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
AppConfig supports validators of type JSON_SCHEMA and LAMBDA
Either the JSON Schema content or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Lambda function.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'LocationUri': 'string',
'RetrievalRoleArn': 'string',
'Validators': [
{
'Type': 'JSON_SCHEMA'|'LAMBDA',
'Content': 'string'
},
],
'Type': 'string'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The configuration profile ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the configuration profile.
Description (string) --
The configuration profile description.
LocationUri (string) --
The URI location of the configuration.
RetrievalRoleArn (string) --
The ARN of an IAM role with permission to access the configuration at the specified LocationUri .
Validators (list) --
A list of methods for validating the configuration.
(dict) --
A validator provides a syntactic or semantic check to ensure the configuration that you want to deploy functions as intended. To validate your application configuration data, you provide a schema or an Amazon Web Services Lambda function that runs against the configuration. The configuration deployment or update can only proceed when the configuration data is valid.
Type (string) --
AppConfig supports validators of type JSON_SCHEMA and LAMBDA
Content (string) --
Either the JSON Schema content or the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Lambda function.
Type (string) --
The type of configurations contained in the profile. AppConfig supports feature flags and freeform configurations. We recommend you create feature flag configurations to enable or disable new features and freeform configurations to distribute configurations to an application. When calling this API, enter one of the following values for Type :
AWS.AppConfig.FeatureFlags
AWS.Freeform
Exceptions
Updates a deployment strategy.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.update_deployment_strategy(
DeploymentStrategyId='string',
Description='string',
DeploymentDurationInMinutes=123,
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes=123,
GrowthFactor=...,
GrowthType='LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL'
)
[REQUIRED]
The deployment strategy ID.
The algorithm used to define how percentage grows over time. AppConfig supports the following growth types:
Linear : For this type, AppConfig processes the deployment by increments of the growth factor evenly distributed over the deployment time. For example, a linear deployment that uses a growth factor of 20 initially makes the configuration available to 20 percent of the targets. After 1/5th of the deployment time has passed, the system updates the percentage to 40 percent. This continues until 100% of the targets are set to receive the deployed configuration.Exponential : For this type, AppConfig processes the deployment exponentially using the following formula: G*(2^N) . In this formula, G is the growth factor specified by the user and N is the number of steps until the configuration is deployed to all targets. For example, if you specify a growth factor of 2, then the system rolls out the configuration as follows:
2*(2^0)
2*(2^1)
2*(2^2)
Expressed numerically, the deployment rolls out as follows: 2% of the targets, 4% of the targets, 8% of the targets, and continues until the configuration has been deployed to all targets.
dict
Response Syntax
{
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'DeploymentDurationInMinutes': 123,
'GrowthType': 'LINEAR'|'EXPONENTIAL',
'GrowthFactor': ...,
'FinalBakeTimeInMinutes': 123,
'ReplicateTo': 'NONE'|'SSM_DOCUMENT'
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
Id (string) --
The deployment strategy ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the deployment strategy.
Description (string) --
The description of the deployment strategy.
DeploymentDurationInMinutes (integer) --
Total amount of time the deployment lasted.
GrowthType (string) --
The algorithm used to define how percentage grew over time.
GrowthFactor (float) --
The percentage of targets that received a deployed configuration during each interval.
FinalBakeTimeInMinutes (integer) --
The amount of time that AppConfig monitored for alarms before considering the deployment to be complete and no longer eligible for automatic rollback.
ReplicateTo (string) --
Save the deployment strategy to a Systems Manager (SSM) document.
Exceptions
Updates an environment.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.update_environment(
ApplicationId='string',
EnvironmentId='string',
Name='string',
Description='string',
Monitors=[
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
]
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The environment ID.
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
dict
Response Syntax
{
'ApplicationId': 'string',
'Id': 'string',
'Name': 'string',
'Description': 'string',
'State': 'READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT'|'DEPLOYING'|'ROLLING_BACK'|'ROLLED_BACK',
'Monitors': [
{
'AlarmArn': 'string',
'AlarmRoleArn': 'string'
},
]
}
Response Structure
(dict) --
ApplicationId (string) --
The application ID.
Id (string) --
The environment ID.
Name (string) --
The name of the environment.
Description (string) --
The description of the environment.
State (string) --
The state of the environment. An environment can be in one of the following states: READY_FOR_DEPLOYMENT , DEPLOYING , ROLLING_BACK , or ROLLED_BACK
Monitors (list) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms monitored during the deployment.
(dict) --
Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor during the deployment process.
AlarmArn (string) --
Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
AlarmRoleArn (string) --
ARN of an Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for AppConfig to monitor AlarmArn .
Exceptions
Uses the validators in a configuration profile to validate a configuration.
See also: AWS API Documentation
Request Syntax
response = client.validate_configuration(
ApplicationId='string',
ConfigurationProfileId='string',
ConfigurationVersion='string'
)
[REQUIRED]
The application ID.
[REQUIRED]
The configuration profile ID.
[REQUIRED]
The version of the configuration to validate.
None
Exceptions
The available paginators are: